In 1895, William G. Morgan, the physical director of the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, noticed a need. Businessmen were becoming too competitive in basketball at an older age. Morgan wanted a game that was less competitive yet still athletic and social.
So, he developed a new indoor game which he called “Mintonette.” It used a net as in tennis and took some concepts from handball and basketball. The game attempted to volley the ball back and forth across the net without letting the ball hit the floor.
It was not long before “Mintonette” became known.
A Name Change That Stuck
In 1896, at the YMCA Physical Director’s Conference at Springfield College, Morgan demonstrated the game. After watching a session, a spectator commented that the players were volleying the ball so often, it should be called “volleyball.” The new name stuck.
Early Rules: The Building Blocks of a Global Game
The original rules were vastly different. Matches had no cap on the number of players per team, sometimes as many as nine! The net was 6 feet 6 inches high, and matches were played in any size court available.
There were no limits on how many times the ball could be hit before going over the net. And, originally, you could catch and throw the ball! These were modified regulations that evolved to form a more skilled, quicker game.
The game had been embraced by colleges by 1916, according to the NCAA. The 1916 invention in the Philippines of the setting and spiking technique added an offensive touch to the game.
The YMCA’s Global Footprint On the Sport
One of the largest contributing elements that volleyball spread so quickly is the international presence of the YMCA. The YMCA leaders and missionaries spread the game to countries like the Philippines, China, and Japan.
Even as early as 1913, volleyball was included in the Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. This was the first international volleyball competition.
World War and the Volleyball Boom
World War I also made the popularity of volleyball extend to all corners of the globe. The war introduced volleyball to Europe through the soldiers in their recreational activities. Base games and sidelines were extensively discussed in sports events, and they were embraced by the citizens.
Post-war, volleyball remained a staple of military recreation. This exposure sparked demand for organized play and consistent rules. The game’s grassroots spread now needed a guiding body.
The FIVB Is Born: A New Era of Organization
It took until 1947 for the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) in Paris to be founded. Its purpose was simple but essential: to standardize and organize the game at the international level and advance its quality.
With the FIVB at work, the inaugural men’s World Championship took place in 1949. The women’s championship also occurred in 1952. These championships set the stage for the sport of volleyball as a global competition.
Owing to the impact of FIVB, there were more standardized rules of volleyball. Standardized ball sizes, net stands, court size, and the scoring system made the game of volleyball standardized.
Olympic Recognition: Volleyball Takes the Global Stage
The tournament was the largest in 1964. The Tokyo Olympics officially included volleyball. It had men’s and ladies’ tournaments.
The Japanese women’s team won the first gold medal, and the men’s team was won by the Soviet Union. The matches were seen by millions and left a volleyball mania behind.
Volleyball has been part of the Olympics since then. It’s also one of the most competitive, drawing powerhouse teams from Brazil, Russia, the USA, Italy, and China.
What Are The Origins of Beach Volleyball?
While indoor volleyball took the Olympic spotlight, a sandier version was taking root. Beach volleyball began in 1915 in Hawaii, but it rightly gained momentum in the 1930s and ’40s in California.
It began as a humorous seaside distraction but eventually became a crowd-drawing spectacle. The first two-man tournament was held in Santa Monica in 1948. Prize? A case of Pepsi.
There were even professional beach volleyball leagues in the 1980s. It made its first Olympic appearance in 1996 in Atlanta. It was previously dominated by United States legends Kerri Walsh Jennings and Misty May-Treanor.
Changes That Shaped Modern Volleyball
The rally point scoring system replaced the antiquated “side-out” system in 1999. Now, one point is awarded for each rally won by each team, and thus the games are quicker and more exciting.
The libero entered the game in 1998 as a back-row player with a special jersey. The libero is not allowed to serve, spike, or go to the front row, but is excellent at defense.
Volleyball Icons: Faces Behind the Fame
Volleyball has produced legends whose contributions changed the game:
Karch Kiraly – The sole Olympic gold medal winner in beach and indoor volleyball. He now serves as the coach of the USA women’s national volleyball team.
Flo Hyman – A pioneer in women’s volleyball in size, power, and personality. She led Team USA to the 1984 silver.
Lang Ping – Former Chinese player and current coach, the “Iron Hammer” led her nation to Olympic gold as a player and head coach.
Giba (Brazil) – Giba ruled the early 2000s atop Brazil, culminating in the 2004 gold at the Olympic championship.
Volleyball Facts and FAQs
- In its earliest days, volleyball was played using the inner bladder of a basketball, as a proper volleyball hadn’t yet been invented.
- The first volleyballs were produced by Spalding in 1900, specifically designed for the sport.
- Volleyballs have been recorded to move at a speed of more than 60 miles per hour in-game.
- The mean net height of men’s volleyball is 2.43 meters; that of women’s is 2.24 meters.
- There are over 800 million volleyball players in the world.
- The longest match on record lasted over 85 hours in 2011 in the Netherlands.
How the Sport is Growing
Volleyball is only growing. Sports equipment, broadcast analytics, and gameplay have been upgraded through technology. Augmented reality and wearables now aid coaches and players in planning and strategizing.
Not to mention, the insane popularity of the anime series Haikyu which brought the sport to masses of anime fans around the world.
Social networking has made it possible for players to have global followings. Celebrities in Brazil, Italy, Japan, and the US all have millions of followers who are encouraged by exposure to behind-the-scenes details and personal details.
The sport’s community-first ethos and affordability make it ideal for continued growth in schools, cities, and villages worldwide. With LA 2028 approaching, volleyball is poised to attract an entirely new generation of fans and players.
